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:: All About Afghanistan ::
Introduction: Afghanistan is located in the heart of Central Asia. The country
is officially named the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan (Pashtu: D'Afghanistan
Islami Emarat). It has an area of some 251,825 square miles (652,225 square
kilometers) and is completely landlocked. The nearest coast lying along the
Arabian Sea is about 300 miles to the south. Its longest border, of 1,125 miles
(1,810 kilometers), is with Pakistan, to the east and south. The 510-mile border
in the west separates Afghanistan from Iran. Afghanistan also has about 200-mile
border with the part of Jammu and Kashmir claimed by Pakistan. The combined
length of Afghanistan's northern borders with Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and
Tajikistan is 1,050 miles. The shortest border, 50 miles, is with the Uighur
Autonomous Region of Sinkiang of the People's Republic of China, at the end of
Vakhan (Wakhan Corridor), in the extreme northeast. The capital of Afghanistan
and its largest populated cityis Kabul, which is located in the east-central
part of the country at an altitude of about 5,900 feet (l,800 meters). The city
is connected by road to most Afghan provinces and neighboring countries to the
north and east.
The current boundaries of Afghanistan were established in the late 19th century
in the context of rivalry with Britain and Russia. Modern Afghanistan became a
pawn in struggles over political ideology and commercial influence. In the late
20th century Afghanistan suffered ruinous effects of prolonged civil war (the
90's), invasion by the Soviet Union (1979), and Soviet military presence
(1979-89)
